Konsep Takdir Dalam Pemikiran Teologis Al-Jabariyah dan Alqadariyah

Abstract

In compiling this article, the author will specifically examine and review the Al-Jabariyah and Al-Qadariyah schools of thought, both of which are very strong in emphasizing the issue of the nature of the power of Allah and also humans. Moreover, the two schools of thought have opposing thoughts, so that they become interesting and fundamental in strengthening the treasury of knowledge in the field of the development of Islamic thought. The results of the study show that the Jabariyah School of Thought was first introduced by Ja'ad bin Dirham and then spread by Jahm bin Shafwan from Khurasan. However, in its development, the al-jabar School of Thought was also developed by other figures Al-Husain bin Muhammad, An-Najjar and Ja'd bin Dirham. As for the Qodariyah school of thought, it is mathematically difficult to ascertain when it first appeared. To trace the history of the Qodariyah school of thought, of course, it cannot be separated from the discussion of the Jabariyah school of thought, as a reality that continues to color human life in the field of theology, which is definitely difficult to determine when these schools of thought were born/existed. But in the Umayyad Dynasty, after Islam was embraced by various nations, the Jabariyah and Qodariyah ideologies became food for thought among them, and that is where these schools began to emerge. The Jabariyah believe that whatever humans do, everything has been determined by God. God has determined for humans to do good deeds and determined rewards for them, and vice versa, God has determined humans to do bad things and determined punishment for those who do them. In other words, reward, punishment and obligation are compulsions, so that humans are like feathers that move because they are blown by the wind, and are still because the wind is not blowing. Meanwhile, Qadariyah believes that human actions are the creation and choice of humans themselves, not God's creation or choice. This is based on the human ability to distinguish between people who do good and do bad.