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Pengaruh Diplomasi Mineral Kritis Tiongkok Terhadap Kebijakan Hirilisasi Nikel Indonesia

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(1) Departemen Ilmu Hubungan Internasional, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial dan Politik, Universitas Hasanuddin,

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Available online: 2026-06-24  |  Published : 2026-06-24
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Abstract


This study aims to analyze the influence of Chinas critical mineral diplomacy on Indonesias nickel downstreaming policy during the 20142024 period. Critical minerals, particularly nickel, have become strategic commodities in the global energy transition due to their role in electric vehicle batteries and renewable energy industries. Indonesia, as the country with the largest nickel reserves, has implemented a downstreaming policy to increase added value and strengthen its position in the global supply chain. However, the implementation of this policy cannot be separated from Chinas involvement as the main investor in Indonesias nickel processing sector. This research employs a qualitative method with an explanatory approach through literature study. The findings indicate that Chinas critical mineral diplomacy is carried out through foreign direct investment, industrial infrastructure development, technology transfer, and global supply chain integration. This diplomacy contributes to accelerating Indonesias downstreaming policy but also creates dependency on foreign capital and technology. Therefore, Indonesias downstreaming policy is influenced not only by domestic factors but also by international political economy dynamics.

Keywords


Critical Mineral Diplomacy; Nickel Downstreaming; Chinese Investment; International Political Economy

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