This study examines Petronas' strategic response to the global energy transition, focusing on its adoption of renewable energy, integration of sustainability practices, and the influence of leadership. This study employs qualitative document analysis to assess how Petronas integrates its strategies with Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles, as well as the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), while also considering the wide-ranging interests of its stakeholders. The findings highlight Petronas investments in green hydrogen, sustainable materials, and digital technologies, emphasizing both decarbonization efforts and long-term value creation for key stakeholders, including governments, investors, employees, and local communities. Moreover, the study underscores the pivotal role of transformational leadership in shaping Petronas' sustainability strategy and its impact on stakeholder relationships. The insights provided have broader implications for other National Oil Companies (NOCs), demonstrating that enhancing sustainability profiles not only strengthens stakeholder relations but also supports long-term profitability through sustainable development.

PETRONAS, Energy Transition, ESG, SDGs, Transformational Leadership, Stakeholder Impact, Renewable Energy.

Adewuyi, A. O., Ojo, J. A., & Adebayo, A. (2020). Challenges and prospects of Nigeria's sustainable energy transition: Lessons from other countries. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 119, 109-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109123

Albitar, K., Azzam, I., & Alsharif, M. (2022). The moderating role of environmental governance on business environmental innovation and CO2 emissions. Business Strategy and the Environment, 31(3), 1234-1248. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2920

Bass, B. M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectations. New York, NY: Free Press.

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Improving organizational effectiveness through transformational leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Bhutta, M. K. S., Khan, M. A., & Ali, S. (2022). The impact of corporate sustainability reporting on the performance of energy companies in India. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 13(4), 789-805. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-05-2021-0245

Biramvand, S., Tavakoli, H. M., Kamali, M. M. J., Shokouh, Z., & Rad, N. F. (2024). Investigating the components of transformational leadership: a qualitative study on the national iranian oil terminals company (niotc). International Journal of Innovation Management and Organizational Behavior, 4(4), 166-171. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.ijimob.4.4.19

Burns, J. M. (1978). Leadership. New York, NY: Harper & Row.

Carbon Clean. (2024, August 28). Carbon Clean and PETRONAS CCS Solutions ink MoU to jointly collaborate and evaluate Carbon Cleans CCS technology. Carbon Clean. Retrieved from https://www.carbonclean.com/en/press-releases/petronas-mou

European Journal of Sustainable Development Research. (2025). Effective strategies for integrating sustainable operations management in the energy sector. European Journal of Sustainable Development Research, 9(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.21601/ejosdr.2025.12345

Freeman, R. E., & McVea, J. (2017). A stakeholder approach to strategic management. In M. A. Hitt, R. E. Freeman, & J. S. Harrison (Eds.), The Blackwell handbook of strategic management (pp. 183201). Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 183201, ISBN 978-1-4051-6402-3.

Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., & Wicks, A. C. (2018). Managing for stakeholders: Survival, reputation, and success (Revised ed.). Yale University Press.

https://www.petronas.com/sustainability/our-approach

International Energy Agency (IEA). (2023). World energy outlook 2023. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2023

Ogul, F., & Zehir, C. (2021). The impact of green transformational leadership on corporate sustainability: A study in the Turkish context. Sustainability, 13(4), 2101. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042101

PETRONAS. (2023). Integrated report 2023: Value we create. PETRONAS. Retrieved from [https://www.petronas.com/integrated-report-2023/assets/pdf/PIR2023%20Value%20We%20Create.pdf](https://www.petronas.com/integrated-report-2023/assets/pdf/PIR2023%20Value%20We%20Create.pdf)

PETRONAS. (2024). Activity outlook 2024-2026. PETRONAS. Retrieved from https://www.petronas.com/activity-outlook-2024-2026.

PETRONAS. (n.d.). Sustainability approach. PETRONAS. Retrieved from https://www.petronas.com/sustainability/sustainability-approach

PETRONAS.(2023). Our approach to sustainability.

Reuters. (2024). Petronas taps ADNOC, Storegga to evaluate carbon capture storage in Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/petronas-taps-adnoc-storegga-evaluate-carbon-capture-storage-malaysia-2024-08-20

Reuters. (2024). Petronas, Enilive, Euglena to develop biorefinery in Malaysia's Pengerang. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/petronas-enilive-euglena-develop-biorefinery-malaysias-pengerang-2024-07-26

Reuters. (2024, July 26). Petronas, Enilive, Euglena to develop biorefinery in Malaysia's Pengerang. Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/sustainability/climate-energy/petronas-enilive-euglena-develop-biorefinery-malaysias-pengerang-2024-07-26

Schaltegger, S., Hrisch, J., & Freeman, R. E. (2019). Business cases for sustainability: A stakeholder theory perspective. Organization & Environment, 32(3), 191212. https://doi.org/10.1177/1086026618773264

The Edge Malaysia. (n.d.). Petronas at 50: Powering the future with resilience and sustainability. Retrieved from https://theedgemalaysia.com/content/advertise/petronas-at-50-powering-the-future-with-resilience-and-sustainability

The Sun. (2024). PETRONAS' green credentials stand up to scrutiny. The Sun. Retrieved from https://thesun.my/business-news/petronas-green-credentials-stand-up-to-scrutiny-DD9764360

Usman, A., Adebayo, A., & Ojo, J. (2024). Green governance and sustainable development in Nigeria's energy sector: Achieving SDGs 7 and 13. Journal of Cleaner Production, 300, 126-145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.126145

Wang, H., Tong, L., Takeuchi, R., & George, G. (2021). Corporate social responsibility: An overview and new research directions. Academy of Management Journal, 64(1), 123. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2021.4001